Arch and Dome and its types. Arch and dome design excel sheet download.

Arch

The arch is a curved structure that spans an opening and is designed to support weight.

Its development revolutionized architecture by enabling builders to create larger openings and distribute weight more efficiently.

The arch is a symbol of strength, as its shape helps transfer loads from the top of the arch down to the ground.

Without the arch, many architectural marvels, such as bridges, cathedrals, and aqueducts, would not have been possible.

Roman Arch: The Roman arch, often referred to as the "round arch," is one of the earliest and most recognizable types. This arch forms a semicircle and is often used in bridges and aqueducts. Its strength comes from its uniform curvature, which distributes the weight evenly across the structure.
Pointed Arch: This type of arch has a pointed top instead of a rounded one, which distributes the weight more efficiently, making it ideal for taller structures like Gothic cathedrals. The pointed arch allows for greater height and the creation of larger windows, which was a significant feature in medieval architecture.
Segmental Arch: A segmental arch is a shallow curve that is less than a semicircle. It is used in modern bridges and doorways where a more subtle curve is needed. The segmental arch is efficient in distributing weight, but it is not as strong as the full Roman or pointed arch.
Catenary Arch: This arch follows the shape of a hanging chain or cable, known as the catenary curve. It is often used in modern design due to its ability to bear heavy loads and its aesthetic appeal. The catenary arch is used in structures like bridges, roofs, and even in some modern art installations.

The dome is a hemispherical structure that is often used to cover large, open spaces.

It is one of the oldest and most elegant forms of architecture, capable of creating expansive interiors without the need for supporting columns.

Domes are found in some of the world's most famous buildings, including religious temples, government buildings, and public spaces.

Spherical Dome: The spherical dome is perfectly rounded and symmetrical, resembling half of a sphere. It is one of the most common types of domes and is used in a variety of buildings, including mosques, churches, and civic buildings. Its smooth curve allows for even weight distribution, making it a stable structure.
Geodesic Dome: Popularized by architect Buckminster Fuller, the geodesic dome is made up of a network of triangles that form a spherical shape. This design allows for maximum strength with minimal materials. Geodesic domes are used in everything from greenhouses to temporary shelters and exhibition spaces.
Onion Dome: This dome has a distinct shape, resembling the bulbous onion-shaped domes found in Russian and Eastern European architecture. The onion dome is designed with a pointed shape that tapers at the top, giving it a unique and decorative appearance.
Barrel Vault: A barrel vault is essentially a continuous series of arches that form a tunnel-like structure. While not a true dome, it functions in a similar way, as it creates a vaulted roof with the same strength and stability as a dome.

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